What is the meaning of the Spanish word "don"?

In Spanish, the word "don" is an honorific prefix that is primarily used in Spain and Hispanic America. It has different connotations in Italy, Portugal, and its former colonies, as well as in the Philippines [1].

Meaning and Usage:

• The term "don" is derived from the Latin word "dominus," which means "lord" or "master of a household." Originally, it was a title reserved for royalty, select nobles, and church hierarchs. However, its usage has evolved, and it is now often used as a mark of esteem for a person of personal, social, or official distinction [1].
• As a style, "don" is used with a person's name, rather than in place of it. It is used to show respect and is commonly used when addressing senior citizens or individuals of significant wealth or distinction. It can also be used ironically [1].
• The feminine equivalent of "don" is "doña" in Spanish. It is a common honorific reserved for women, especially mature women [1].

Examples:

• "Don Julio" or "Don Julio Garcia" would be used to respectfully address a person named Julio [2].
• It is important to note that "don" is used before the first name or the full name (first name followed by last name), but not before the last name alone. If referring to someone using only their last name, the term "señor" (Mr.) should be used instead [2].

Usage in Different Countries:

• In present-day Hispanic America, the title "don" or "doña" is sometimes used in honorific form when addressing a senior citizen. It may also be used as a generic honorific, similar to "Sir" and "Madam" in the United States [1].
• In the Philippines, during the Spanish colonial period, the honorific "don" was reserved for the nobility and the principalía, who were recognized as rulers by the Spanish crown. It was considered highly honored and was used more prominently than academic or political titles. However, after World War II, the usage of "don" gradually faded, and it is now used as a courtesy title for socially prominent and wealthy individuals [1].

Learn more:

1. Don (honorific) - Wikipedia
2. Don - Honorific title explained and how to use it - Spanish Academy Antiguena
3. What does the word "Don" mean to a Spanish or English speaker? | SpanishDictionary.com Answers